Listing references in brackets

"Abundant research evidence has accumulated during the last 7 years in support of Cummins's... hypothesis. A large proportion of it has taken place in either foreign settings (Canada: Cziko, 1976; Swain et al., 1976), or in the western and northern part of the continent, with immigrant Mexican (Modiano, 1968) and Hispanic children (Walters, 1979) and indigenous populations (Leslie, 1977)" (Ramirez, 1987: 81).

Using 'e.g.' to select an example in support

"Other exceptions, but which relate to minority language children (e.g. Dube and Hebert, 1975) indicate that the minority group factor can be overcome ..." (Cummins & Swain, 1986: 17)

Using 'see X' to point to other relevant work

We tend to point to other sources either if:

• they also deal with the same issue, or have studied the same phenomena - providing further related reading for the reader, or
• they can explain the background to a methodological or theoretical issue which we don't have time for, as in the example below:
  "The processes involved are considered in terms of a ... cycle of intergroup relations (see Taylor & McKirnan, 1984)" (Giles & Johnson, 1987: 90)

Last updated 03 March 2003